How to read an over-the-counter medicine label safely

Over-the-counter medicine can be helpful when it is used as directed, but the brand name on the front is not the most important information. The Drug Facts or medicine label tells you what is inside, what it is for, who should avoid it, and how much is safe to take.

Start with the active ingredient

The active ingredient is the substance doing the work. Different brands and combination cold-and-flu products may contain the same ingredient. Compare that line before buying or combining medicines, particularly pain relievers, fever reducers, antihistamines and decongestants.

Read directions and warnings

Check the purpose, age limits, dose, timing, maximum daily amount and warnings. Warnings may matter more if you are pregnant or breastfeeding, have liver, kidney, heart, stomach or blood-pressure conditions, drink alcohol, or take prescription medicines.

• Use the measuring device supplied with liquid medicine.
• Do not use an adult product for a child unless the label or a clinician says it is appropriate.
• Ask a pharmacist if a label is unclear or your medication list is long.

Avoid duplicate ingredients

A common mistake is taking a multi-symptom product and a separate medicine with the same active ingredient. More is not necessarily better and can be dangerous. Keep a written note of what you took, how much, and when.

When to seek advice

Contact a pharmacist, poison-control service, or clinician promptly if you may have taken too much, gave the wrong dose, or have an unexpected reaction. Get emergency help for breathing difficulty, swelling of the face or throat, fainting, seizures, or severe symptoms.

The bottom line

Read the active ingredient and the directions every time. A few seconds with the label can prevent many everyday medication errors.